Veronica Johansson

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Stimulating the brain

CONNECTING MAN AND machine through elaborate brain implants, known as Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs), does not only elicit technical and medical challengesand possibilities, but also many ethical concerns. The brain, sometimes describedas the ‘seat of the soul’ or ‘organ of the mind’, provides the neural underpinningsnot only for the individual human being and her unique characteristics, but alsothat which distinguishes human beings from nonhuman animals. A BMI createsa direct interface between an electronic device and the brain, allowing themto interact and communicate. Through this capacity, these implants can furtherour current knowledge of the brain and alleviate neurological dysfunction andimpairments. Yet, this very feature has also given rise to fears of mind control andthreats to agency, mind reading, and the creation of cyborgs or Humanity 2.0.This thesis aims to separate fact from fiction. The primary foci of the analysis areethical concerns elicited by Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), often described as apacemaker for the brain, addressing for instance common biases that may distortan ethical analysis of DBS; whether DBS is a threat to authenticity or personal identity;upcoming and future ethical concerns elicited by DBS. Moreover, in the firstpaper the ethical implications of merging BMIs and nanotechnology are examined.

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